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Gorm table name

Gorm table name. /dao/query")-tables string enter the required data table or leave it blank-onlyModel Oct 24, 2018 · 1 Answer. Column Names: GORM automatically converts struct field names to snake_case for column names in the Aug 13, 2020 · First you need to add the foreign key field in the model itself and specify the column name in the field tag unless you're using the default GORM naming convention for the foreign key column. type User struct{ Id int Name string } // Customize the name func (User) TableName() string { return "test_user" } Add a prefix or suffix to the default table name. Extendable, flexible plugin API: Database Resolver (Multiple Databases, Read/Write Splitting) / Prometheus. To use another field as foreign key, you can customize it with a foreignKey tag, e. – Aug 30, 2023 · In this example, the User struct models a database table with columns ID, CreatedAt, UpdatedAt, DeletedAt, Name, Email, and Age. Mar 20, 2021 · And, finally, use the Create function to save our record in the database. Model but i did not find anything in documentation. TABLE_NAME. gorm. Gen allows generate fully-type-safe idiomatic Go code from Raw SQL, it uses annotations on interfaces, those interfaces could be applied to multiple models during code generation. Sprintf("host=%s user=%s dbname=%s password=%s sslmode=disable", Sep 2, 2023 · Beyond its foundational role of simplifying database interactions, GORM offers a plethora of features that elevate database schema management to an art form. 3. 1. The name of the table. status_id = status. So in order to avoid this just do db. Jan 7, 2021 · Your Question I want to add TABLE ALIAS using db. WHERE conditions, joins, associations, preloading relevant data, and even dabbling with raw SQL queries will all Dec 5, 2018 · The only way to be able to get tag value from certain struct field, is by using reflect. } Prop has a foreign key to Status. TABLE_SCHEMA. but you can use a raw query to achieve what you want: db. DB, defaultTableName string) string { // default model name is present_card_models, so I pick first two word to get "presentcard", that's my table name. Name string. TableName( &model{} ))) I could just Mar 31, 2014 · gorm. Open (postgres. Should be able to do this: Blah string sql:"name:bleh" Probably something similar for the table name. Below is my code. polymorphic: Defines the polymorphic type, typically the model name. g: type User struct {. SingularTable(true) Migrating tables# If you want to change an existing table schema for your models, GORM provides a set of features. go:47 cannot convert 0 to Timestamptz [0. Is there a way to do this using GORM? Sep 18, 2022 · For anyone having a problem with creating tables inside a schema here's my solution: db, err := gorm. Where("deleted_at IS NULL") } model := db. if err := db. Maybe there is one, but I don't know about it so, I'm afraid, I can't help you. New() if u. Here’s how you can add a GORM tag to a struct. Value string. The issue is that the logic to load those child entries is a bit complex, and I am only able to load it using a RAW query, the raw query looks something like this: select software_name Aug 29, 2022 · How to set singular name for a table in gorm. to join this conversation on GitHub . Mar 9, 2023 · Apart from that, GORM uses special association struct tags like gorm:"foreignKey:FieldName" to define foreign keys and gorm:"many2many:join_table_name" to create a join table and set up many-to Aug 13, 2020 · First you need to add the foreign key field in the model itself and specify the column name in the field tag unless you're using the default GORM naming convention for the foreign key column. GORM is Grails' object relational mapping (ORM) implementation. AutoMigrate(&User), but when querying in DB I could just see four columns under user table :-> Id; created_at; updated_at; deleted_at Aug 9, 2023 · Gorm AutoMigrate table already exists but still tries to create it. Something like below: func getGormAlias(obj interface{}, fieldName string) string {. My suggestion, create a function that return tag value from specific struct field. Feb 2, 2022 · はじめにGORMは公式ドキュメントがすごく良いのですが、途中から分かりづらかったり日本語訳が途切れたりしていたので、自分の理解向上のついでに構成を分かりやすくし全て日本語でまとめました。よって、 Mar 8, 2022 · GORM Playground Link. To enable query caching for all queries created by dynamic finders, GORM etc. Automatic Migrations Sep 22, 2020 · GORM Playground Link go-gorm/playground#152 Description Wrong table name on ColumnName The table name is generated by reflection and saved to the field. In gorm, the ID field is automatically set to a Primary key field with auto increment property. They are linked together through relationships; one-to-one, one-to-many, or many-to-many. v1. Then you need to add the gorm field tag for the foreign key on the referenced model gorm:"foreignkey:RoleId". Description. Model Username string Orders []Order}type Order struct { gorm. Introduction to Gorm Migrations; Approaches to Migrations. Model. DB) *gorm. The structures of these tables are unknown until describing data (or direct data) are given. polymorphicValue: Sets the polymorphic value, usually the table name, if not specified otherwise. Raw ("describe table_name"). 6版本，另外一个项目使用的最新1. Mar 15, 2024 · To define a has many relationship, a foreign key must exist. Associations ・Goでよく使われるgormを理解する：Associations編 ・Goでよく使われるgormを理解する：Preloading編. UUID = uuid. uptrace. return "table". This value is always def. Exec("LOCK TABLE table_name_here IN ACCESS EXCLUSIVE MODE") // LOCK [ TABLE ] [ ONLY ] name [ * ] [, ] [ IN lockmode MODE ] [ NOWAIT ] Dec 27, 2020 · gorm-gorm-config. Open Oct 9, 2018 · 183 1 1 7. Here the type is User so gorm will use the users table by default. Model == nil {. func (Table) TableName() string {. Objects can be retrieved using primary key by using Inline Conditions if the primary key is a number. There are some points noteworthy for TiDB: You can use gorm:"primaryKey;default:auto_random()" tag to use AUTO_RANDOM feature for TiDB. Jul 2, 2020 · Role string `gorm:"size:255"` // set field size to 255 MemberNumber * string `gorm:"unique;not null"` // set member number to unique and not null Num int `gorm:"AUTO_INCREMENT"` // set num to auto incrementable Address string `gorm:"index:addr"` // create index with name `addr` for address IgnoreMe int `gorm:"-"` // ignore this field} Feb 28, 2022 · TABLE_CATALOG. Adding Tags for Field Mapping. Full-Featured ORM; Associations (Has One, Has Many, Belongs To, Many To Many, Polymorphism, Single-table inheritance) Aug 14, 2022 · GORM allows you to Define the models before creating tables and the table will be created based on the model, it pluralize the struct name to snake_cases as table name, snake_case as column name Mar 15, 2024 · Updating an object. Table ("users Aug 24, 2018 · I was facing issue to find table name when trying to setup a scope where two tables can have the same column name. type User struct {. Query. May 6, 2022 · Table-Level Lock Modes. Open(dsn), &gorm. DeletedAt field (which is included in gorm. GORM allows user defined hooks to be implemented for BeforeSave, BeforeCreate, AfterSave, AfterCreate. Feb 23, 2023 · 1. id column: "Mgr_id". Veiculo{Placa: veiculo. TypeOf(obj). io/docs/ already, the testing release has been used in some production services for a while, and going to release the final version in following weeks, we are still actively collecting feedback before it, please open a new issue Mar 15, 2024 · Create Hooks. Jul 23, 2018 · When I debug and step through I see table name is "". Model name string json:"Name" email string json:"Email"} and I was expecting name and email columns to be created when i first time run the db. This is your all-in-one resource for learning how to use GORM for advanced queries. Joins("INNER JOIN changelog_comments cc ON cc. Relevant code is as follows: type Record struct { Company string `json:"-" gorm:"column:company"` Category string `json:"-" gorm:"column:category"` } err := dm Sep 29, 2020 · ・Goでよく使われるgormを理解する：Query編. RAW ("TRUNCATE TABLE table_name;"), however, since table_name can be changed from the runtime to the runtime, I was wondering if there is a way to dynamically get table name, so I could do something like: db. If I call DropTable(models. With this solution, it would be easier to use custom table names without touching NamingStrategy where:. name") ? Same i can do with db. At the heart of this seamless orchestration lies the pivotal concept of migrations. The table_name type in PostgreSQL is "information_schema. May 30, 2021 · BlankCHN commented on May 30, 2021. You can also configure it to not use the plural form if you'd like. The SQL query i would like to perform is: SELECT * from prop LEFT JOIN status ON prop. AutoMigrate(&User), but when querying in DB I could just see four columns under user table :-> Id; created_at; updated_at; deleted_at 指定Table name后，tx. The Gorm docs don't seem to reference an option to remove this underscore. io/driver/postgres& Mar 15, 2024 · GORM V2 prefer write tag name in camelCase, tags in snake_case won’t works anymore, for example: auto_increment, unique_index, polymorphic_value, embedded_prefix, check out Model Tags; Tags used to specify foreign keys changed to foreignKey, references, check out Associations Tags; Not support sql tag; Table Name Mar 15, 2024 · generate field with gorm index tag-fieldWithTypeTag generate field with gorm column type tag-modelPkgName string generated model code's package name-outFile string query code file name, default: gen. Not only your tuned SQL queries but also SQL snippets are allowed to be shared and reused, let’s take an example: Nov 9, 2022 · 0. Overview. Parse(model) Jun 17, 2010 · Changing GORM table name. Table Names: By default, GORM converts struct names to snake_case and pluralizes them for table names. Nome} To specify schema for your migrate action, add this method: type Veiculo struct {. Sep 1, 2023 · The robust Go Object-Relational Mapping package, known as GORM, provides sophisticated querying capabilities in addition to standard CRUD operations. Codigo int `json:"vei_codigo"`. Dec 27, 2019 · By default gorm pluralizes tables names. AutoMigrate(&Human{}) // } 6 Object Relational Mapping (GORM) Improve this doc. id = changelog. Already have an account? Your Question I want to get column definitions of a specified table. SQL Builder, Upsert, Locking, Optimizer/Index/Comment Hints, NamedArg, Search/Update/Create with SQL Expr. WithContext(ctx). When working with strings, extra care needs to be taken to avoid SQL Injection; check out Security section for details. I'm fighting to get the following mapping working in Grails 1. Can I use the same technique to add my namespaces? I looked in the sources, but I couldn't find the place where grails. The fantastic ORM library for Golang, aims to be developer friendly. Aug 22, 2018 at 7:41. See: The INFORMATION_SCHEMA TABLES Table - MySQL Manual Jul 20, 2022 · Using GORM to retrieve tables names from Postgresql. Open (dsn), &gorm. 1) You can set Table's table name to be table. Nov 5, 2022 · The table’s name in the database will be Human and the Age and Name fields are the column names. If you want to disable that you should use the following code snippet before any table create and table migrate task. The name of the catalog to which the table belongs. 491ms] [rows:10969] INSERT INTO "p1" VALUES I tried debug and I found it is inserting to p1. UserAuth{}) to shows there is no table named user_auth (but at least it figured out the table name). Name string `gorm:"size:255"`. you can specify: hibernate: cache: queries: true # This implicitly sets `use_query_cache=true`. Table(table). To do so using a dynamic finder you can pass the cache argument: Feb 29, 2024 · The . Sep 8, 2020 · but I add db. return db. Time `gorm:"column:day_of_the_beast"` Age i May 17, 2021 · 2. Open(postgres. comment_id"). UserAuth. – Ullaakut. Queryを用いることで、データの抽出条件を細かく設定することができます。 First Find FirstとFindの挙動の違い Jan 9, 2015 · gorm. Jul 18, 2022 · How can I write comment for a table using gorm? (not for the field) Is there any methods for the table comment like TableName() string for the table name?. if db. Apr 13, 2021 · I need to create some SQL tables using go package gorm. How to write in a specif db schema with gorm? 0. Mar 15, 2024 · GORM includes support for optimizer and index hints, allowing you to influence the query optimizer’s execution plan. Mar 15, 2024 · GORM allows users to change the default naming conventions by overriding the default NamingStrategy, which is used to build TableName, ColumnName, JoinTableName, RelationshipFKName, CheckerName, IndexName, Check out GORM Config for details. Oct 13, 2020 · I would like to truncate the table, so I am trying to run db. Mar 15, 2024 · Primary Key: GORM uses a field named ID as the default primary key for each model. SingularTable(true) 2) In ORM you should define your table object. Why Gorm ignore a struct when CreateTable? 1. Is it possible to do that? Or maybe is it possible to create a struct with reflect and use it to create the table? Thank you for your help. Config{NamingStrategy{TablePrefix: "schemaName. Time MemberNumber sql. Domain classes are core to any business application. Column Names: GORM automatically converts struct field names to snake_case for column names in the Mar 15, 2024 · GORM provides flexibility in querying data by allowing results to be scanned into a map [string]interface {} or []map [string]interface {}, which can be useful for dynamic data structures. enabled settings for plugins, that somehows manages to prefix the plugin name to the tables. Over this row: db, err := gorm. DefaultTableNameHanlder = func(db *gorm. I am using the TablePrefix option to add that app_name_ part, but I cannot find an option to prevent GORM from automatically using underscores in the name. id. AutoMigrate, it still failed. GORM relies on struct tags to map struct fields to database columns. Model (&User {}). 1、包的安装和 Apr 16, 2018 · Name string. If you want a custom table name you can define it like below : func (Currency) TableName() string { return "currency" } May 29, 2022 · The issue I'm running into is that the tables created by Django follow the format app_name_tablename. So I'm using gorm in my go app on GCP. 3. GORM uses SQL builder generates SQL internally, for each operation, GORM creates a *gorm. go Line 96 in f6ed895 tableNam Dec 21, 2016 · With gorm you can perform a custom query and get her return in a struct, the following is an example of how to show the description of table:. DB) (err error) {. For example, when querying with First, it adds the following clauses to the Statement. Available hooks for updating. Feb 29, 2024 · Use "parent" table id in gorm custom preloading when you don't know it yet. table 'my_table'. tablename"). type Test struct {. DB {. Hope you reconsider this as your project looks really type User struct { ID int `gorm:"primary_key"` Name string Email string Password string } In this example, the User struct defines a table with four fields: ID, Name, Email, and Password. This can be particularly useful in optimizing query performance or when dealing with complex queries. Tags provide metadata that guides GORM in database operations. Create(&model. I don't know whether this was possible in Gorm V1, but in V2 you can use Embedded Structs with a prefix to disambiguate the two result sets, you can then name the columns appropriately to direct them to the right embedded model: ID int `gorm:"primaryKey"`. But I can use db. However, if we want to Mar 18, 2024 · GORM. Perhaps you can open a new question here on SO that specifically asks for non-SQL gorm union code. version false. For locking a table, as far as I can see there is no option with Gorm right now, because Gorm always put FOR, when merging Clauses. Column Name. Composite Primary Key. ID string `gorm:"column:id;type:varchar(32);primaryKey;comment:Unique ID" json Sep 8, 2014 · I see that Grails has a grails. DB,defaultTableName string){ return "sys_" + defaultTableName } Jul 21, 2023 · Customizing Join Table. Jul 10, 2021 · 1. Set("gorm:table_options", " UNLOGGED ") will add UNLOGGED at the end of request. Model), it will get soft delete ability automatically! When calling Delete , the record WON’T be removed from the database, but GORM will set the DeletedAt ‘s value to the current time, and the data is not findable with normal Query methods anymore. . Mar 31, 2014 · gorm. enabled is read and applied. SingularTable(true). Sep 3, 2020 · Am running a query to check if a table exists or not using the gorm orm for golang. I am using GORM with Go and when I try to do an insert, it fails because GORM surrounds the table and column names with double quotes, and hence the insert statement becomes invalid. As such, if you need to run a query over, you'll ned to set up a prefix to your connection config. Developer Friendly. These hook method will be called when creating a record, refer Hooks for details on the lifecycle. If save value does not contain primary key, it will execute Create, otherwise it will execute Update (with all fields). This behavior is implemented here: gorm/schema/schema. Table("schema. Role == "admin" {. func (u *User) BeforeCreate(tx *gorm. many2many: Names the join table used in a many-to-many relationship. func(db *gorm. Auto Migrations. Time } Then run migration to create it on the database. Common tags include: It is creating a table with the plural version of the model name like if your model name is UserModel then gorm is creating the tables in its plural version user_models. Save(&user) // Save update value in database, if the value doesn't have primary key, will insert it. GORM provides tags for adding SQL constraints like primary key, foreign keys, index, not null and other database constraints. Time UpdatedAt time. Should be able to specify your own column and table names and if not specified default to the convention. I have a struct and I want to find all entries and preload the child entries too. Placa, Nome: veiculo. // begin transaction BeforeSave BeforeUpdate // save before associations // update database Mar 15, 2024 · If your model includes a gorm. Username string `gorm:"size:255"`. Scan (&results)，but it didn't work ( the item of result was constructed by empty strings, the count of re Mar 15, 2024 · 预加载示例GORM允许使用 Preload通过多个SQL中来直接加载关系, 例如： type User struct { gorm. Omitting column when select/find model. To customize the join table name, you can use the gorm:"many2many:table_name;" struct tag. 9. type Result struct { Field string Type string Null string Key string Default string Extra string } db. Based on your table, it would look something like this: list := []ChangelogResponseItem{} tx := db. Sep 5, 2016 · Use Gorm Save. You can cache queries such as dynamic finders and criteria. TiDB is compatible with MySQL protocol. If you want to use another field to save the relationship, you can change it with tag foreignKey, e. Overview Full-Featured ORM Associations (Has One, Has Many, Belongs To, Many To Many, Polymorphism, Single-table inheritance) Hooks Jul 3, 2021 · Your Question How do I get the column name from the model struct field？ Model: type Animal struct { AnimalID int64 `gorm:"column:beast_id"` Birthday time. Logger. var tables []string. I have the following code. ID uint. 今天在开发项目的时候，在配置统一表前缀的时候，突然发现和之前的配置方式不一样，是因为一个项目使用的是v1. Jan 15, 2019 · To specify specific schema in your create statement modify your code like so: dbVeiculosGorm. Optimizer hints are directives that suggest how a database’s query optimizer should execute a query. Aug 25, 2019 · 6. 9 也即是作者说的v2. The `gorm:"primary_key"` tag indicates that the ID field should be the primary key for the table. func (db *DB) Save(value interface{}) (tx *DB) {. go-outPath string specify a directory for output (default ". Gorm is not getting my structs name which is models. Although GORM supports defining the table on the model and avoid the repetition, it was easier to use the Table function directly since this is a dynamic struct. 0 变化对于使用者来说变化最大的表现在. Now, I know in Go you can use sql and the pq driver, but I'm using GORM for doing queries in my REST API. Exec("PRAGMA legacy_alter_table = ON") before db. Save is a combination function. sql_identifier". Every feature comes with tests. Config {}), you might want to set up over the Config your TablePrefix, as it follows: db, err := gorm. Below snippet works for me. Statement object, all GORM APIs add/change Clause for the Statement, at last, GORM generated SQL based on those clauses. Mar 15, 2024 · Dynamic SQL. } type Status struct {. Feb 22, 2021 · type User struct { ID uint Name string Email *string Age uint8 Birthday *time. The default foreign key’s name is the owner’s type name plus the name of its primary key field. main. png. I have a connection to a Postgres cloud SQL database. Tabler interface cannot be used (i. One way to do it would be to combine Joins and Select methods to get what you want. go. Column Names: GORM automatically converts struct field names to snake_case for column names in the Saved searches Use saved searches to filter your results more quickly Apr 6, 2023 · Motivation. Mar 15, 2024 · GEN GuidesGEN: Friendly & Safer GORM powered by Code Generation. Table of Contents. Column db name uses the field’s name’s snake_case by convention. Fatal(err) disclaimer : my problem is almost identical to this one - GORM model foreign key to different Postgres schema - but no one's answered it yet. And I've tried use code like this db. This happens due to how value is scanned back to the struct. e. If the table structure is set and you aren't using AutoMigrate then this is solved by just changing your tags to make MoreInfo a read-only field and making sure you use the alias more_info to match the way Gorm does DB -> Go naming translation. It uses the name of your type. 1 and MySQL: int id. if field, ok := reflect. To explicitly set a table name, you would have to create an interface Tabler with TableName method, and then create a receiver method (defined in the interface) for the struct: type user struct {. Sample code Mar 15, 2024 · GORM includes support for optimizer and index hints, allowing you to influence the query optimizer’s execution plan. u. table. DefaultTableNameHandler = func(db *gorm. 20. Mar 15, 2024 · TiDB. db. Apr 1, 2020 · 2. When I browse the DB, of course there, are no tables. Let's consider an example where we have two models: User and Role. If two tables have the same column names like id and name, once we perform the JOIN query with a junction table in between, we see that the library does not populate the right value into the right struct. That's ridiculous. my struct is Mar 15, 2024 · Primary Key: GORM uses a field named ID as the default primary key for each model. Select ("users. Mar 15, 2024 · Scopes allow you to re-use commonly used logic, the shared logic needs to be defined as type func(*gorm. // Build the connection string. 0. For instance, a User struct becomes users in the database. They hold state about business processes and hopefully also implement behavior. Postgres usually needs the schema prefixed on its queries. Overview Idiomatic & Reusable API from Dynamic Raw SQL 100% Type-safe DAO API without interface{} Database To Struct Mar 15, 2024 · The field’s name is usually generated with has one model’s type plus its primary key, for the above example it is UserID. } Mar 15, 2024 · Primary Key: GORM uses a field named ID as the default primary key for each model. ID int. set db. Mar 15, 2024 · 使用 ID 作为主键默认情况下，GORM 会使用 ID 作为表的主键。 type User struct { ID string // 默认情况下，名为 `ID` 的字段会作为表的主键 Name string} 你可以通过标签 primaryKey 将其它字段设为主键 // 将 `UUID` 设为主键type Animal struct { ID Mar 15, 2024 · Retrieving objects with primary key. So how do i add table alias "users as u" using models query db. Error: 2020/11/16 14:56:50 /main. type Human struct { ID int } func (h *Human) TableName() string { return "human_table" } func (h *Human) Comment() string { return "this is table for human" } func main() { // db. login" table instead of "schema. But it is required between CREATE and TABLE . Scan(&result) Apr 21, 2021 · @8ball I don't know of any way to do unions in gorm without resorting to raw SQL. Mar 15, 2024 · GORM provides a migrator interface, which contains unified API interfaces for each database that could be used to build your database-independent migrations, for example: SQLite doesn’t support ALTER COLUMN, DROP COLUMN, GORM will create a new table as the one you are trying to change, copy all data, drop the old table, rename the new table. NullString ActivatedAt sql. Querying for multiple columns with Gorm. 0 和 v2. 0版本. This is what I was trying to do, but the type isn't string. package main import ( "fmt" "log"; "gorm. joinForeignKey Mar 15, 2024 · Clauses. But it will affect all tables the same. No matter what I do the queries that are being issued refer to "schema. var limit = 1. So, I need to create table with gorm, without using struct. local structs definitions inside migration func), Mar 18, 2024 · GormDataTypeInterface gorm data type interface SchemaName generate schema name from table name, don't guarantee it is the reverse value of TableName Jan 9, 2011 · This issue will be automatically closed because it is marked as GORM V1 issue, we have released the public testing GORM V2 release and its documents https://v2. Statement. DB QueryScope examples for querying func AmountGreaterThan1000(db *gorm. A user can have multiple roles, and a role can be assigned to multiple users. Error; err != nil { panic(err) } Mar 15, 2024 · Indicates the column name in the reference table that the foreign key of the join table maps to. DB & For example what go-pg does: https://pg. prefix. go-gorm/playground#460. Raw("DESCRIBE TABLE_NAME"). RAW(fmt. FieldByName(fieldName); ok {. static mappings = {. Create(record). g: type User Dec 9, 2013 · Ouch, so it's impossible to use GORM with legacy db schema. NullTime CreatedAt time. You can follow the MySQL part to create a connection to TiDB. String email. } Another way is to set singularTable true, then Table 's default table name will be table instead of tables. "}}) log. gorm. . dev/models/ `pg:"table_name"` The text was updated successfully, but these errors were encountered: 👍 1 muh-hizbe reacted with thumbs up emoji Nov 15, 2015 · By default the created table names are in plural. Looking to retrieve table names from my postgresql database. The name of the schema (database) to which the table belongs. When using Find To Map, it’s crucial to include Model or Table in your query to explicitly specify the table name. Table不为空，Model解析后不会再设置Table，后续的操作一直使用的都是指定的Table。 **需要注意的是:**若要 gorm 的默认是clone原DB的Statement后再执行操作的，因此所有涉及到动态表名的操作均需使用 Table()后的DB ，否则使用的仍是 初次解析 Mar 15, 2024 · The fantastic ORM library for Golang aims to be developer friendly. Or you can go to gorm's github and ask there as well. my_table". Sprintf("TRUNCATE TABLE %s;", db. By default, GORM would create a join table named users_roles. Model UserID uint Price float64}// 查找 user Feb 16, 2021 · Sorted by: 1. For example, to define a model that belongs to User, the foreign key should be UserID. ID int `gorm:"primaryKey"`. Nov 16, 2020 · I am reading from table P1 and writing to table Trade, and I find gorm is reading from table P1 and writing to table P1 which causes errors. Raw to run "PRAGMA legacy_alter_table = ON" and migration sql generated by gorm, it will success, I am not sure where the legacy_alter_table value is been reset. dsn := fmt. Table("changelog"). When you give a credit card to the user, it will save the User’s ID into its UserID field. cc ho la va xw zl aw sr hf yv