Behind the name native american. Greenlandic younger form of Ânarse.

The Iowa or Ioway tribe resided in Eastern Iowa at one point, and Iowa City, Iowa River, and Iowa County are all named after them. Names like “Fvda” (bird), “Lvtke” (eagle), and “Amahetse” (little bird) embody the connection between nature, spirituality, and the Creek people. Birds are seen as messengers and intermediaries between the human world and the spirit world. Meanings. Derived from the Ojibwe word aanakwad meaning "cloud" and meskwa meaning "red". Cronus was the Titan who fathered the Greek gods. example: __z matches names which have two letters and then a z (s) matches exactly one syllable in the pronunciation. Native American languages is a blanket term for the languages of the indigenous peoples of North and South America. From the Aymara misk'i meaning "honey" and aruni meaning "talkative". Jun 15, 2024 · Martinez. Means "wolf" in Cree. The travois served the Native Americans in a number of ingenious ways. This is typically an honorific preceding the name. HAWAII: English spelling of Owhyhee, possibly from a native word meaning "homeland. If people learn the story behind a team name, they Oct 16, 2020 · October 16,2020. Similar to the way other states were named at the time, the name Lopez Spanish Unaccented variant of López. These names were not assigned randomly but followed unique naming conventions that varied between tribes. The headband can be embellished with beadwork or natural leather. Borja Spanish Originally indicated a person from the Spanish town of Borja in Aragon, derived from Arabic بُرْج (burj) meaning "tower". This name means "Little Red Turtle". This was one of Pocahontas's 'secret' names. ”. Tupi word meaning "hawk, falcon". Some popular Native American Indian names for males include:1. Minor Outlying Islands have taken their names from a wide variety of languages. Vanessa was later used as the name of a genus of butterfly. Indigenous American languages is a blanket term for the languages of the indigenous peoples of North and South America. In the first celebration of this holiday, the Wampanoag tribe provided not only the food for the feast but also the teachings of agriculture and hunting (corn, beans, wild rice, and turkey are some specific examples of foods Native American Dances. 2. See full list on powwows. Each name is carefully chosen to convey specific qualities and characteristics associated with the Earth. Martinez is a surname that has its roots in both Native American and Spanish cultures. These names often reflect important aspects of nature and the world around us, capturing Dec 4, 2009 · Native Americans, also known as American Indians and Indigenous Americans, are the indigenous peoples of the United States. A turtle in Ojibwe is a sign of truth. The Importance of the Moon in Native American Culture The moon played a vital role in the daily lives and spiritual practices of Native American tribes. Jun 19, 2024 · List of Terms You Should Know First. " Originally a family name carried down through both Creek and Cherokee Indigiounous American lines throughout North Carolina and Tennessee. Means "man, elder" in Navajo. The names of 24 states derive from indigenous languages of the Americas and one from Hawaiian. Variant of Qinnuajuaq. The feathers on the headdress are typically used from a fallen bird that is indigenous to the local area of the tribe making the headdress. Estimates of Native American casualties have differed widely, from as few as 36 dead (from Native American listings of the dead by name) to as many as 300. Other ways to use a travois. 24/7 Tempo compiled every state name that has a Native American origin. They serve as a visual language, conveying messages Nov 21, 2017 · Behind the tear The campaign was based on many duplicities. Oct 11, 2021 · The state name Iowa comes from the Native American tribe of the same name. By the time European adventurers arrived in the 15th century A. tachini. Comanche Navajo. Typically, they are derived from nature, represented by an animal symbolizing desirable characteristics or a certain trait. The elk is a survivor and a protector bringing good omens to people. 1750 - 1830), a Nov 28, 2023 · Winona – meaning firstborn daughter in Dakota, it symbolizes the importance of family and the nurturing qualities of a woman. From indigenous origins to tributes to European royalty and even a few good-natured oddities, the stories behind state names offer a captivating glimpse into America’s past. " A horse travois can be made with either A-frame or H-frame construction. Variant of Nanuq. This tool takes into account a range of factors to provide you with a name that resonates with your individuality and captures the essence of Native American heritage. From the given name Abbas. It was rare as an American given name before 1975. Feminine diminutive of Pablo, sometimes used as a diminutive of the related name Paula. Koyengquahtah m Seneca. In American Baby Names the meaning of Abaño Filipino. Wood in 1877 that the Native Americans suffered 136 dead and 160 wounded during the battle. Jul 3, 2023 · The Meaning Behind Native American Chief Names. Lorenzo Spanish From the given name Lorenzo. Abantas Filipino, Maranao. Kaniehtiio f Mohawk. From the Hopi lomá 'well, good, beautiful' and náci 'self blossomed (as in, covered in Apr 25, 2021 · The state of Missouri is celebrating its 200th birthday. Nahuatl form of Guatemala. Nanabah f Navajo. It’s a conduit for the breath of life and a symbol of connection to the spirit world. Tsang. For example, the name Mni Sóta Makoce means “land where the waters reflect the clouds” in the Dakota language. Lesson Overview Traditional Native American clothing had different names. Nov 28, 2023 · Similar proclamations, under variants on the name (including “Native American Heritage Month” and “National American Indian and Alaska Native Heritage Month”) have been issued each year since 1994. Losa Spanish From Spanish losa meaning "tile, slab". Updated: 11/21/2023 Table of Contents. Greenlandic word meaning "young girl". From Navajo tł'aaí meaning "left-handed". The name of the Native American confederation of tribes in Virginia, which English colonists mistook for the name of Chief Wahunsenacawh, the paramount chief of Tsenacommacah, an alliance of Algonquian-speaking Virginia Indians in the Tidewater region of Virginia at the time English settlers landed at Jamestown in 1607 Armstrong English. Grass Dance. Loyola Spanish, Basque From the name of a place name near the town of Azpeitia in the Basque Country of Spain, derived from Basque loi meaning "mud". The colony bore this name in the charter granted by the king to General James Oglethorpe, colonial administrator, in 1732. Other meanings of Chesmu include “rough, gritty or abrasive. Greenlandic younger form of Ânarse. Colque Indigenous American, Aymara (Hispanicized) Derived from Aymara qullqi, meaning "silver". Jan 31, 2024 · The use of Native American names without proper understanding or permission can be seen as a form of cultural appropriation, erasing the true meaning and significance behind these names. Latinized form of the Greek Κρόνος (Kronos), possibly derived from the Indo-European root * (s)ker- meaning "to cut". Many Native American last names are steeped in tradition, reflecting the values and beliefs of the tribes from which they originate. Tribal Nations each value the elk and place it as a teacher in many stories told through oral tradition. 1680: A revolt of Pueblo Native Americans in New Mexico threatens Spanish rule over New Mexico. Hayonhwonhish m Seneca. Apr 23, 2024 · Meaning & History. Algonquian. As his wife Rhea gave birth to the gods, Cronus swallowed them fearing the prophecy that he would be overthrown by one of his children. Native American girl names are not only popular among Native American families but also among parents from different cultures who want to honor and celebrate Native American traditions. The name Red Cloud is given to someone who has a strong personality and is a leader. [116] When traveling with a travois, it was traditional for Salish people to leave the tipi poles behind at the camp "for use by the next tribe or family to camp there. Romanto. Like most fertility deities, Kokopelli presides over both childbirth and agriculture. Aanarsi m Greenlandic. Klah m Navajo. Dietz brought several Native American players he had coached at Feb 26, 2015 · The Beaver River was called Amahkwi-sipu, which meant “beaver stream” to the Delawares. Variations and Beauty. Misk’i Aruni f Aymara. Otetiani m Seneca. Chayton – Meaning falcon in Sioux. Means "long-lived" in Maranao. But few people today know about the Missouria, the Native American tribe behind the state’s name. 1754: The French and Indian War The White Buffalo is sacred to many Native Americans. Native American chief names hold great significance and meaning in their culture. Lakota chief Red Horse told Col. This name was given to the American fur trader and historian James Willard Schultz (1859-1947), who lived among the Pikuni tribe of Blackfeet Indians from 1880-82. Aug 17, 2015 · QUANAH m Native American, Comanche Means “fragrant” in the Comanche language. From Navajo iiná meaning "life". This movement is emphasized with headdresses, fringes and ribbons on the dancers’ costumes. Mahihkan m Cree. ” IDAHO: Origin uncertain. The Forgotten Warriors of the Civil War is the story of the tragic effect that the American Civil War had upon the tribes of the Indian Territory (modern-day Oklahoma). Derived from the Ojibwe word aanakwad meaning "cloud" and inini meaning "man". There are several variations, but all are meaningful and tell of the same outcome. These powerful symbols, often created by pressing the hand onto a surface and then tracing the fingers, carry deep meanings that vary from tribe to tribe. Feathers were seen in wardrobes, headpieces, adorning their homes, and tattooed on their bodies. The Algonquian are one of the most populous and widespread North American native language groups. We hope the information provided below helps you grow closer to understanding the history behind From the Aymara misk'i meaning "honey" and aruma meaning "night". Caonabo m Taíno. S. Shayla – meaning fairy palace in Choctaw, it represents beauty, grace, and elegance. Chippewa Township was named for a tribe of Native Americans who lived in the western Great Nov 27, 2023 · Native American Indian names carry deep meanings and symbolism, emphasizing the individual’s role within the community and their relationship with nature. Kaintwakon m Seneca. Kokopelli ( / ˌkoʊkoʊˈpɛliː / [1]) is a fertility deity, usually depicted as a humpbacked flute player (often with feathers or antenna -like protrusions on his head), who is venerated by some Native American cultures in the Southwestern United States. Many tribes believed that a person’s nose could reveal their spiritual and personal qualities. wolf meaning. A feather isn’t just something that falls out of a bird, it means much more. Aroa f Basque, Spanish Derived from Basque aro meaning "era, age, time". These percussion instruments also have a rich and fascinating past. This was the name of a Mohawk or Onondaga leader who founded the Iroquois Confederacy around the 15th century. A list of names in which the usage is Indigenous American; and the meaning contains the keyword wolf. Native American naming traditions vary depending on each particular tribe. example: __z matches names which have two letters and then a z Jun 30, 2023 · Here are some common Native American names and their significance: Red Cloud: This name is associated with the Sioux tribe. Alternative Spellings & Variations: Hialeigha, Hiahlea, Hiahleah, Hiyaleah, Hyaleah. Quechua word meaning "fire". Inuit word meaning "person, human". The fifty U. When exploring the origins of Native American last names, it becomes evident that these pretty last names embody a sense of pride and belonging within ancient communities. A Native American name gives us an insight into the personality of the one who Named by and for King George II of England. Explore traditional and unique names that celebrate their heritage. Embrace the journey, explore the meanings, and Hiawatha m History, Iroquois (Anglicized) Meaning uncertain, of Iroquois origin, possibly meaning "he who combs". It was a rare given name until the mid-20th century, at which Jul 3, 2020 · June 29, 2017: The Redskins win a trademark fight over the team’s name after a Native American group dropped its years-long legal fight. Zazil Há was a 16th-century Maya woman who married the Spanish shipwreck survivor Gonzalo Guerrero. The feather symbolizes trust, honor, strength, wisdom, power, freedom and many more things. Because such documents are extremely rare, those interested in the Native American past also draw information from traditional arts, folk literature See Also. Peak Popularity: Hialeah ignore name meanings: the description is the meaning and history write-up for the name; separate search terms with spaces; search for an exact phrase by surrounding it with double quotes. Amaruq m Inuit. Aanakwadmeskwa m & f Ojibwe. Zyanya f Zapotec Possibly means "forever, always" in Zapotec. Nov 6, 2023 · Thanksgiving as a holiday originates from the Native American philosophy of giving without expecting anything in return. Another form of the grass dance involves dancing intentionally to flatten the grass Apr 23, 2024 · Meaning & History. Because the terrain, climate and materials available varied widely across the vast region, there was no one style of clothing throughout, [1] but individual ethnic groups or tribes often Indigenous American Place Names. Âpilâĸ m Greenlandic (Archaic) Possibly derived from Greenlandic apil "spirit". Cheyenne f English. More than any other particular group in the United States at the time, the Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek, and Seminole (the Five Civilized Tribes) were divided Sep 6, 2023 · The name Dakota comes from the Native American Sioux language and translates to “friends” or “allies. This is the name of a Native American people who live in the east of North America. Jan 3, 2020 · Margaret Noodin and Michael Zimmerman share the meanings and stories behind the names a handful of additional Wisconsin places: Milwaukee: Mino-akking 'good land' or Mahn-a-waukke 'gathering place Contents. Eccentric, Charming. Means "wolf" in Inuktitut. These names are derived from geographic locations, personal characteristics, or deeds. This is the name of a Native American people of the Great Plains. The National Archives holds hundreds of thousands of U. A list of submitted surnames in which the usage is Indigenous American; and the order is random. Lomasi m & f Hopi. Abayon Filipino, Cebuano. The Lakota ( Sioux) Nation has passed down The Legend of the White Buffalo –a story now approximately 2,000 years old — at many council meetings, sacred ceremonies, and through the tribe’s storytellers. 2 days ago · 4. It is derived from a river of the same name, of uncertain meaning. Chippewa. At the time Pocahontas was born, it was common for Powhatan Native Americans to be given several personal names, to have more than one name at the same time, to have secret names that only a select few knew, and to change their names on important occasions Jul 2, 2023 · The Power of Tradition: The Meaning Behind Common Native American Last Names. Variant of Aanarsi; a Greenlandic form of Anders. The name of a landlocked country in South America. In Latin Baby Names the meaning of the name Nova is: New; young. Agripina f Spanish Spanish form of Agrippina. Condori Indigenous American, Aymara (Hispanicized), Quechua (Hispanicized) Derived from Aymara and Quechua kunturi meaning Hopi name meaning "reed standing tall and healthy", from lomá "good, beautiful" combined with hóngva "just raised, just stood up" (from hóng "raised up, erected, caused to stand" and the suffix va ). example: "lord of the rings" matches names from the novel 'The Lord of the Rings' this field understands simple boolean logic Mar 14, 2024 · In Native American culture, the nose is considered sacred. Means "well adorned" in Hopi. While some are inspired by Native American languages and others by natural water sources and rock formations, the naming process behind every state offers a fascinating glimpse into our country’s Apr 28, 2020 · The story behind the image, and its removal, led to mixed reactions from the public, including native communities a serene portrait of a tree-fringed lake under the Land O’Lakes name, which Feathers mean a lot to Native American Tribes. Though many Americans are taught to learn all 50 U. The team soon tweaks its fight song's lyrics Jul 25, 2023 · Chesmu is a Native American boy name meaning “witty. Many dances played a vital role in religious rituals and other ceremonies, while others were held to guarantee the success of hunts, harvests, giving thanks, and other Nov 27, 2018 · 1622: The Powhatan Confederacy nearly wipes out Jamestown colony. Derived from Cebuano abay meaning "parallel, analogue, juxtapose". One of the oldest tribal dances known today is the Native American grass dance, which mimics the quiet swaying movements of grass when the wind blows. Apply this search to the user-submitted names. sounds can only be searched in names that have been assigned pronunciations * is a wildcard that will match zero or more letters in the pronunciation. In the far North, they wore Jun 19, 2015 · Like the Washington NFL franchise, the Chicago hockey team has a Native American name, but the history it evokes is better worth remembering. Native American Indian names for females are not only beautiful but also carry a rich cultural heritage. Famous bearers of this name include the Americans Louis Armstrong (1901-1971), a jazz musician, and Neil Armstrong (1930-2012), an astronaut who was the first person to walk on the moon. The Dakota people have a strong connection to the land, and many place names in the region reflect this. Means "strong arm" from Middle English. Miskut m Indigenous American. W. Guaraní form of Paraguay. Nov 21, 2023 · Explore the history behind their clothing styles. The name was supposedly given to the Cheyenne by the Lakota because their language was unrelated to their own. 1. Native American feathers are an important symbol of the Indian way of life. For example, the last name Yellowhorse is a common name among Navajo people, symbolizing strength and courage. Ahiga – Meaning he fights in Navajo. Abas Arabic, Filipino, Maguindanao, Maranao. The tribal name means "allies, friends" in the Dakota language. Xalaxxi. The name Chesmu has a quality to it that’s both charming and cute phonetically. In Native American Baby Names the meaning of the name Nova is: Chases butterfly. The Native American names for Mother Earth hold deep meaning and significance. states at a young age, we know far less about the etymological origins behind each name. Tradition holds that the family is descended from Siward, an 11th-century Earl of Northumbria. From Navajo tłʼaaí meaning ‎"lefty, left-handed one", from the verb nishtłʼa ‎"to be left-handed". This was the name of Red Jacket (known as Otetiani in his youth and Sagoyewatha (Keeper Awake) Sa-go-ye-wa-tha because of his oratorical skills) (c. Buffalo Dance Group by Awa Tsireh. H. This is a picture of Geronimo (left) and Comanche chief, Quanah Parker (right). Means "by what one plants" in Seneca. Means "fish" in Inuktitut. Arsênio m Portuguese (Brazilian) Brazilian Portuguese form of Arsenios. The name Martinez is derived from the Spanish name “Martín,” which means “war-like” or “valiant. Bolívar Spanish From Bolibar, the name of a small Basque village, derived from Basque bolu "mill" and ibar "meadow". They reflect the Indigenous connection to the land and the reverence they have for the natural world. The Native American feather was given as a sign of respect Jan 22, 2024 · The Native American Spirit Name Generator invites individuals on a soulful quest of self-discovery, cultural appreciation, and spiritual connection. As names shape our sense of self, these spirit names transcend ordinary labels, weaving a tapestry of identity deeply rooted in nature and tradition. The color red represents bravery and courage, and the cloud symbolizes a vision or dream. These languages are not necessarily related, and in fact are classified into a variety of different language families . These names are or were used by the various indigenous peoples who inhabit North and South America. Inuit names are used by the Inuit people of the North American Arctic. Some claim it to sterol from an Indian word of unknown meaning A Native American headdress is a head-piece with feathers that are attached to the entire top edge of a leather headband. Arnaldo m Italian, Portuguese Italian and Portuguese form of Arnold. Simitiq. Feb 20, 2024 · Native american last names male and female both highlight power, strength and resilience. Means "woman" in Greenlandic and Inuktitut. Inuit word meaning "woman". It possibly means "water from the sea" in Learn about Native American tribes and leaders like Sitting Bull, Crazy Horse and Tecumseh, and events like the Trail of Tears, the French and Indian War, the Battle of the Little Bighorn and the Jan 26, 2017 · Objective. Jul 2, 2023 · Discover the rich culture and history behind Native American male names. Inuit word meaning "seagull". In the poem Armida is a beautiful enchantress who bewitches many of the crusaders. List of state and territory name etymologies of the United States. To be given one of these is to be hand picked out of the rest of the men or women in the tribe - it’s like getting a gift from Canzaeda f Indigenous American (Rare) Originally spelled "Cansaeda" The meaning of this name is unknown, though thought to mean "huntress. Zitkala f Sioux From Lakota zitkála meaning "bird". These names are chosen with care and thought, as they represent not only the individual but also their tribe, family lineage, and connection to the natural world. The word Iowa is a French spelling of the word "ayuhwa," meaning "sleepy ones," and was given to the tribe by the Dakota Sioux in jest. On June 19, 2017, the Supreme Court declared the key Aug 16, 2023 · Origin: Native American (Miccosukee) Meaning: A pretty prairie or prairie on the hill. Derived from the Lakota word šahiyena meaning "red speakers". Zeltzin f Nahuatl Nahuatl name of uncertain meaning, said to mean "delicate". May 24, 2024 · The Meaning Behind the Names. They also appreciate the cultural significance and history behind these names. When using the generator, you will be prompted Oct 10, 2019 · Indigenous place names often carry with them a history, tell different stories, or relate to the geographic area. Dec 14, 2020 · Spurred by mass protests against racism this summer, sports franchises with Native American-related names, mascots or logos faced pressure to stop using these stereotypes and caricatures. Jul 19, 2020 · Native American tribes hold the elk, wapiti (Shawnee and Cree) or Heȟáka (Lakota), in high esteem and consider him a relative—a relative who brings strength, endurance, and patience. Native American Indians have been playing drums for thousands of years; today, the instrument continues to play a large role in Native American culture. From the name of the Native American people of the northern Mississippi Valley, or from the two American states that were named for them: North and South Dakota (until 1889 unified as the Dakota Territory). 2. Jul 1, 2024 · The hours passed slowly, but in the clearing smoke of “the dawn’s early light” on September 14, he saw the American flag—not the British Union Jack—flying over the fort, announcing an May 19, 2016 · March 29, 1972: A delegation of Native American leaders meets with Redskins President Edward Bennett Williams and urges him to change the team's name. territories, and the U. Means "young king" in Seneca. Iina 2 f Navajo. It is believed the name Indiana comes from the fact that the land was purchased from Native Americans. Possibly derived from Spanish baño meaning "bath". Abarrientos Filipino. Siouan. He arrived at it by rearranging the initial syllables of the first name and surname of Esther Vanhomrigh, his close friend. Native American male names are steeped in tradition and meaning, passed down through generations with great care. Agapito m Spanish, Italian (Rare) From the Late Latin name Agapitus or Agapetus, which was derived from the Greek name Ἀγαπητός (Agapetos) meaning "beloved". This name was borne by the revolutionary Simón Bolívar (1783-1830). states, the District of Columbia, the five inhabited U. Invented by author Jonathan Swift for his 1726 poem Cadenus and Vanessa [1]. SACAGAWEA f Native American Probably from Hidatsa tsakáka wía meaning “bird woman”. Apr 4, 2024 · One of the most important symbols in Creek Native American names is the “bird. Jul 2, 2024 · Native American - Tribes, Culture, History: The thoughts and perspectives of indigenous individuals, especially those who lived during the 15th through 19th centuries, have survived in written form less often than is optimal for the historian. This is a list of elements in which the usage is Indigenous American. com Dec 15, 2017 · In fact, twenty-six US states were named by Native Americans. Orinami. Aanasi m Greenlandic. Historically, the peoples were prominent along the Atlantic Coast and into the interior along the Saint Lawrence River and around the Great Lakes. The way it sounds matches up perfectly with its meaning. Dances have always been significant in the lives of Native Americans as both a common amusement and a solemn duty. Native American Feathers. 5 days ago · The United States is a tapestry of diverse cultures and histories, and this rich heritage is reflected in the very names of its 50 states. Government records relating to Native Americans, from as early as 1774 through the Nov 29, 2023 · With the Native American Indian Name Generator, you can embark on a captivating journey of self-discovery and cultural exploration. Miskwaadesi m & f Ojibwe. This was the name of a 19th-century chief of the Comanche. Ágata f Spanish, Portuguese Spanish and Portuguese form of Agatha. It is used to represent freedom, power, wisdom, honor, trust, strength, and much more. Nizhóní f Navajo. Feb 23, 2024 · In this blog post, we will delve into the rich tapestry of Native American full moon names and unveil the meanings behind them. Meaning unknown. example: (s)(s)ra matches names which have two syllables and then the sound rah (c) matches a Of unknown meaning. Traditional Native American clothing is the apparel worn by the indigenous peoples of the region that became the United States before the coming of Europeans. Means "returning warrior" in Navajo, derived from nááná "again" and baa' "warrior, heroine, raid, battle". example: *lee matches names which end with the sound lee _ is a wildcard that will match exactly one letter in the pronunciation. This was the (fictional) name of the subject of Robert Flaherty's documentary film Nanook of the North (1922). Known bearers of this name were Pablita Velarde (1918-2006), a Pueblo (Native American) artist and painter from New Mexico, United States, and Pablita Abeyta (1953-2017), a Navajo (Native American) activist and sculptor who was also from New Mexico. Masculine. It is a common last name among Native American communities that have a history of Spanish colonization or assimilation. This random name generator can suggest names for babies, characters, or anything else that needs naming. . The first of them was that Iron Eyes Cody was actually born Espera de Corti — an Italian-American who played Indians in both his life Jun 30, 2023 · Many parents choose these names because they are unique, meaningful, and beautiful. 3. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. He was later the subject of a fictionalized 1855 poem by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. Understanding these naming conventions can provide insights into the significance and symbolism behind Native American surnames. It is essential for individuals and organizations to approach the use of Native American names with sensitivity and respect, honoring their true cultural Hasanoanda m Seneca. Aug 10, 2023 · Origin of the name. D Sep 9, 2013 · Team lore says the franchise adopted the name in honor of former coach William "Lone Star" Dietz, who identified as Native American. Alternatively it could originate Jun 18, 2024 · Native American surnames carry a rich history, often reflecting important aspects of tribal culture and values. The name Agapetus was borne by two popes. While the high nasal bridge is common, Native American noses come in various Jul 21, 2023 · Native American hand symbols have been used for centuries as a means of communication, expression, and connection with the spiritual world. hd ce wv yi rv fd wu ei va gn