Is ecu tuning illegal. 1 Assessing Engine and Exhaust System Changes; 2.

Sep 17, 2021 · Just to note, the fine handed to PFI is $18,000, though it was originally $4,800 per unit sold, which would have tallied up to over 170K. , since these parts just render your "new" ECU program obsolete and useless (ie. This group of 12 automobile manufacturers seeks to This is the GitHub Pages repository for ECU Tuning: The Right Way project. For example, California just passed a law requiring an ECU inspection to be a part of regular smog checks. Tuning your car will inherently change your car’s CVN and, when compared to a known CVN provided by the manufacturer, is a telltale sign you have modified software. The Race version has Race and Carb tunes - but it's a couple hundred more expensive. Diesel and petrol engines work a bit differently, but that isn't Download Your Files In An Hour. Penalties are sometimes reduced for a company due to their The recent changes to the California Smog Laws, making any ECU / DME software change illegal, changes the whole landscape for California car owners. Apr 30, 2024 · Improper installation or use of a tuning chip can potentially damage the engine or other components of the vehicle. 25 million to bring the company and its tuning products up to standards. As of January 13, 2020, a person may be liable for a maximum civil penalty of $4,819 per defeat device manufactured, sold, or installed, or per vehicle tampered. ECU Remapping & Chip Tuning Services are available nationwide across New Zealand by our dealer network. This new Insight CTS3 84130-3 from the Edge is the preferred digital gauge monitor by most daily drivers and enthusiasts in the market. Apr 14, 2024 · Disturbing the peace is a legal concept that can come into play when it comes to engine revving. Jan 17, 2022 · According to Car Throttle this is usually due to the removal of the catalytic convertor and adding straight pipes, making it you guessed it; illegal. Dec 11, 2020 · Every common tuning box question answered. Other ways to create a flame-shooting exhaust is by fitting a spark plug in the exhaust, buy a flamethrower kit, install anti-lag, mess with the air/fuel ratio, or simply ECU tuning. Jan 24, 2024 · Deleting the cat gives a louder, deeper exhaust tone that some people find annoying. Jan 4, 2022 · ECU tuning will not harm your vehicle’s engine and not shorten engine life when tuned correctly. Sun Jul 14, 2024 10:03 am. Fortunately for us, the changes by ECU tuning can be reversed to its factory settings. Adblue delete is a software update/modification that removes the adblue system/map from the vehicle’s ECU. 2. BMW M235i Ecu Tune. The cost is around $70-200 for a DIY install or $350-650 to have a shop do it. Each path is specifically designed to maximize power of the Accessport, Hard Parts and our Off-The-Shelf maps. Plus saying things like “disabling emissions equipment is actually detrimental to tuning” and “a long time ago enthusiasts were trying to use ECU tuning to get around restrictive emissions equipment but times change and now that same equipment is essential for tuning itself Jul 19, 2021 · The bad: Any non-CARB-approved tune is considered to be a modification to a vehicle’s emission software and is, therefore, an illegal modification that will cause an emissions inspection failure. For most car fans, modifying and tuning your car is a tempting option. Dramatic Increase in Horsepower and Torque. Even with the Stage 1 tune, gains can be seen from the mid-range through redline. io client software. Each stage involves different typical changes that are applied to the ECU (electronic control unit). Potential for Engine Damage. The green line is a Stage 2 tune after installing an Arrow slip-on exhaust. However, the important point to note if you are considering an ECU remap, is that ECU remapping itself is not illegal. At least once in their lives, most car enthusiasts have thought about Mercedes CLA250 ECU Tune. ECU tuning or modifying farm equipment software to boost performance or evade emission controls has become a significant issue across North America. S. With over 22 years of Research and Development, COBB Tuning has created Upgrade Paths designed to provide you with everything you will need to go from a bone stock car to a powerful, drivable, daily smile-making machine. Potential Disadvantages and Risks of Engine Tuning. server - WebSocket server responsible for hosting real-time tuning / diagnostic sessions on ecutools. The Benefits and Advantages of Tuning Your ECU. Dealers ECU tuning and modifying equipment to boost performance or evade emission controls has become a significant issue throughout Iowa, Nebraska and the nation. Make BMW. Anything not stock is not legal until it is registered in the paperwork. Is it legal? In the UK, ECU remapping itself is not illegal. Sep 26, 2018 · Derive will have to pay a fine of $300,00 on top of spending $6. Mercedes SL55 AMG ECU Tune. Those who either had, or were looking to upgrade their cars engine performance, the only option now is either to remain stock (which also means the surrounding engine elements (read – intake Product Code: 1445. This is more for performance applications, but the option is there. I can already hear the people in Texas When thousands of people are driving around public streets with these tunes, it is way easier for the government to go after the tuning company instead of each individual driver. by olafu » Wed Sep 02, 2020 7:42 pm. Sep 8, 2021 · However, in the attempt of California trying to further reduce car emissions, it is now official that the governing body of the State has banned ECU tuning that does not meet the standards of the Bureau of Automotive Repair (BAR), which essentially means that aftermarket tuning is now a thing of the past in the State of California. May 5, 2023 · Legal Status: Legal, as it optimizes fuel mapping and engine performance. Each section and sub-section are a Markdown file in _posts/. Pumping more power to the car’s engine can be dangerous and can get your car seized. Manufacturing Year 2000 - 2004. Imagine your vehicle with better throttle response, more horsepower / torque, and reliable performance backed by the best calibrators / tuners in the industry! 4WD ECU Dyno Tuning in Sydney. 0xDC73 - Coolant temperature dependent overrun fuel cut RPM. Mercedes C32 AMG ECU Tune quantity. This is just the tip of the iceberg. by carlo80 . ECU tuning involves tweaking things like the air, fuel, and spark settings for Short Description. Turbocharged gas and diesel vehicles often respond well to stage 1 tuning, and it’s not uncommon to May 18, 2020 · When it comes to chip tuning and ECU remapping, there are different stages of stage tuning. MaxxECU MTune 1. A stage is a set of vehicle upgrades and modifications. This knowledge helps them give you a precise, proven, reliable, safe and powerful ECU Tune for May 31, 2022 · Are tunes legal in California? So what is California’s official policy on ECU Tunes? A. TCU Tuning. This can result in legal consequences, especially in residential areas or during quiet hours. ECU Tuning Hardware. 2 Window Tints and Frame Adjustments; ECU Tuning: Requires CARB May 2, 2023 · ECU remapping, also known as chipping or tuning, is the process of modifying the software program that controls a vehicle's engine. This system is run by the brain of the engine, the ECU (Engine Control Unit). Remapping is all about tuning the engine for improved performance, fuel efficiency, and throttle response. If the engine is much higher powered than the stock, it can put extra pressure on What is an ECU remap? An Engine Control Unit (ECU) remap, also known as chipping or tuning, is when the software on a vehicle’s ECU is modified to enhance performance, power, and fuel efficiency. Land Rover Discovery ECU Tune. Add to cart. However, it is illegal to drive such cars on public roads. Manufacturing Year 2013-2022. 09-04-2013, 03:48 PM. " See more. There is often confusion surrounding the legality of ECU remapping in the UK. ECU tuning, while tempting for its performance gains, comes with significant considerations. Manufacturing Year 2011-2018. 764 Students. Sep 4, 2013 · Street legal ECU tuning in VIC. Eurocharged ECU Tuning for your vehicle will unleash new power and a whole new driving experience. I would really like to import my LS swapped Cadillac from Canada but it would be prohibitively expensive to get it registered. Q-Tuning. For years, the company has built its reputation on extracting more Our auto/ECU tuning services are the perfect way to improve your car’s performance. BUY NOW. Chip tuning. The variety and extent of control offered by an ECU flash is staggering. Mar 24, 2024 · Still, if you’re not comfortable handling some basic tuning functions, that shouldn’t be a dealbreaker. Jan 21, 2021 · Chip Tuning involves intercepting the data received and sent by the ECU, rather than altering the ECU itself. This often revolves around the air/fuel ratio, which is a crucial element in your vehicle’s internal combustion engine. 95 within the USA/Canada. Jul 18, 2021 · With a catless downpipe, you can expect to gain 25 horsepower without tuning and 50 horsepower with tuning. Tunes can also be modified to take different fuel types, like flex-fuel or E85. Replacing the cat with a straight pipe is better than using a gutted converter. Topics: 595. Imagine your vehicle with better throttle response, more horsepower / torque, and reliable performance backed May 20, 2022 · ECU tunes optimize how your engine performs, yielding more efficiency and power. Quantum Tuning is a globally leading brand for chip tuning software and they have dealers in countries all over the world. MaxxECU uses the intuitive MTune PC-software. A second car tuning company as been fined for adding a ‘pop bang’ ECU remap to a car, in a Dec 7, 2022 · Evans Tuning was the first to get hit with a $4223 fine for selling 103 handheld tuners and exhaust systems for gasoline vehicles. By adjusting the vehicle’s fuel rail pressure, the Power Module alters the atomisation of each injector and hence the air-to-fuel ratio. However, when it comes to the best diesel tuning box and chips . Price $1699. This website is a Jekyll project. Chip tuning is changing or modifying an erasable programmable read only memory chip in an automobile 's or other vehicles electronic control unit to achieve superior performance, whether it be more power, cleaner emissions, or better fuel efficiency. * Shipping is $7. Different states around the US have different laws, some are stricter and some are not. Emissions Removed. Feel free to share these answers with your employees. Aug 15, 2022 · Here are the ten most common illegal modifications. Sometimes called chipping, tuning or ECU remapping, this service is being offered to farmers by a variety of individuals and companies. 00. Warner says, "berdata is, in short, a piece of Sep 13, 2023 · AdBlue Delete Explained. Any major performance remap could increase the emissions your car produces and might lead to your car failing the PUC Ecu tuning is only legal of you get it dyno tested afterwards and get the new HP accepted by TÜV. Lowriders. Jul 15, 2021 · But the California government has finally caught up with this trend and on July 19, 2021, when a vehicle is smog checked, the State will go through the OBDII port and scan the ECU to determine if an aftermarket tune is on board. While remapping the ECU of your car is not illegal, your car will still need to comply with emission norms. Imagine your vehicle with better throttle response, more horsepower / torque, and reliable performance backed by the best Jan 30, 2024 · Best OBD2 Performance Chip Reviews. Basic parameters and ECU settings are altered to meet some minor driving requirements but the tuned vehicle usually remains emissions legal. Jul 6, 2018 · There are tuning boxes, ECU remaps and ECU swaps available in the market that can increase the power of your engine. You may also like…. RomRaider - The center of the open-source Subaru ECU tuning / hacking universe. Lower Cost Than Mechanical Modifications. ECM Titanium training course. Generally, customers who decide to use our stage 2 software will install an after-market intake, air filters, downpipes, or possibly even an exhaust system. But you can face some other repercussions if you opt for this mod. 5. Additionally, modifying the ECU software can void your car’s warranty, leaving you responsible for any potential repairs. Tuning chips can be expensive, especially if you need to pay for professional installation. The good: CARB-approved tunes are still legal. A dealer or vehicle manufacturer who tampers with a vehicle may be subject Aug 10, 2022 · Brent Leivestad of PFI Speed talked R&T through the tuning shop's legal battle with the EPA involving the sale of a popular aftermarket ECU for old Hondas. Jun 10, 2024 · 2 Guide to Legal and Illegal Modifications. Engine manufacturers generally use a conservative electronic control unit map to Chipping, tuning, or ECU mapping is illegal and can result in voided warranties, fines, physical harm, and more. 1 Assessing Engine and Exhaust System Changes; 2. If you want the best performance for your car - and we know you do - you also need a wide range of setting options. MTune PC software, PC or a windows tablet - It's all in the hand of the mastermind tuner. It is a legitimate practice that has been embraced by car manufacturers, tuners, and enthusiasts worldwide. com and Vivid Distributing were also fined for their Nov 6, 2023 · However, the SID 212 comes with a set of limitations when it comes to tuning. The ECU is responsible for controlling the engine's performance, including its fuel consumption, power output, and emissions. Tools used for ECU reading and writing News Site map RSS Feed Sitemap . This does not involve any physical hardware modifications. Most states only prohibit use of radar detectors by commercial vehicles. The bad: Any non-CARB-approved tune is considered to be a modification to a vehicle’s emission software and is, therefore, an illegal modification that will cause an emissions inspection failure. However, more maintenance might be required. Berrima Diesel’s custom ECU tuning is available for a specialised list of modern EFI Diesel 4WD’s. Radar Detectors. Headlights/Taillights Modified. An effective tuning process can even help in improving the fuel economy of the car. In some cases, performance-tuning chips may be illegal to use on the road. Violation of the tampering and defeat device prohibitions of the Clean Air Act may result in civil penalties. When you put your foot down, the ECU decides how much fuel and air to mix, squirt into the cylinder and ignite. Many devices–like the Holley Terminator that we originally used on the Corvette–offer rudimentary handheld controllers featuring simplified menus that allow the user to change common parameters without having to deal with a laptop and Apr 21, 2022 · Cobb is an immensely popular aftermarket parts manufacturer that sells hardware and tuning software for cars, especially Subarus. The million-dollar question now is, “What Short Description. Manufacturing Year 2019-2022. With 20 years experience, we proudly offer 3 types of tunes guaranteed to take care of any kind of driver such as Daily Driver, Daily Driver Plus and Xtreme Performance Tunes. Chrysler Crossfire NA ECU Tune. io. Price $899. There are 3 main stages of stage tuning – Stage 1, Stage 2 and Stage 3. Engine. When it comes to car modifications, car engine tuning is up there with the biggest and best. Similarly, TCUs (transmission control modules) can also be tuned to shift more quickly. If you’re looking for ECU tuning software that prioritizes functionality and usability, this is the best option. News Site map RSS Feed Sitemap . This can involve adjusting various parameters such as fuel injection, ignition timing, and turbo boost to improve power, torque, and fuel efficiency. MerpMod - Merp and I were working in parallel in the early days of our projects, but after I took some time off he continued blazing forward. Works on All Engine Configurations. Price $1399. Price $699. BMW X5 xDrive 40i Ecu Tune. Is Tuning your car illegal? Tunes would be deemed illegal because they Our ECU Remap software is the result of our extensive development programmes which ensures optimum performance and reliability. by ZentuneAu Dec 6, 2023 · Garages fined for illegal mods Decat exhausts are MOT failures As are ‘too loud’ ECU remaps. The EPA stated that Derive sold products for multiple years ECU Remapping & Chip Tuning. If the ECU tune is not stock, you fail. Tue Jul 02, 2024 9:27 am. Depending on the mods it can be easy or very hard. Apr 20, 2021 · The blue line is the baseline run with the completely stock bike. In today’s article, we explain what exactly ECU Tuning involves, what its benefits are, which cars BMW M5 Competition F90 Ecu Tune. The Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers would like to change that. The red line is what’s called Stage 1, with just an ECU flash on an otherwise stock bike. 30 Days Money Back Guaranty. ModBargains. 6 days ago · General tuning. Imagine your vehicle with better throttle response, more horsepower / torque, and reliable performance backed by the best calibrators / tuners in the industry! Tweak your Hyundai engine for more Performance with HPR Performance Chip Tuning module. While there are many services we offer that can help you improve the way your car drives, one of the most effective and important is our auto/ECU tuning services. The navigation and page structure are automatically generated. Law enforcement plays a crucial role in ILLEGAL TAMPERING: Understand The Consequences. Dec 29, 2022 · the stock one in order to complement the remapped ECU, and will most-likely won’t be within permissible noise limits. Price $999. Fuel cut is active above those RPM values (x*40), when throttle is in "idle" position. First, don't chip too early There is no point in getting a new ECU program early in your engine build up and then later upgrading to bigger lift and duration cams, or larger injectors, bigger fuel pump, or an aftermarket IM/bigger bore TB , etc. Jan 23, 2018 · These 14 car modifications that are illegal in most states are not only unnecessary, they can be downright dangerous. Learn how to handle these issues with customers. EQ Tuning, so you dont have to use the standard cobb tunes which can largely be garbage, especially for the MQB platform. It is quite compatible with numerous domestic gas and diesel vehicles from 1996 and newer models. Jul 7, 2022 · Is ECU tuning legal? It is legal to tune your ECU, if done moderately. Must have for all Hyundai enthusiast. However, ECU tuning is a surefire way to void your car warranty and it may be hard to claim for insurance afterwards. Jul 5, 2023 · A closer look at the legal considerations. Imagine your vehicle with better throttle response, more horsepower / torque, and reliable performance backed by the best calibrators / tuners in the industry! Jan 18, 2024 · In its most basic form, ECU tuning involves adjusting the software parameters within your vehicle’s ECU to optimize its performance. For our customers who want a more aggressive ecu profile than normal, we offer them Stage 2. BMW 328I Ecu Tune quantity. Jul 4, 2023 · It also includes K-TAG which is easier to use because of its guided programming. Posts: 12726. This is done electronically by connecting to the vehicle’s ECU and disabling/removing the adblue system. Manufacturing Year 2011 - 2015. Technical Specifications: – ECU (Engine Control Unit) tuning involves reprogramming the vehicle’s onboard computer to optimize fuel delivery, ignition timing, and other engine parameters. Performance Tuning has become a big industry over the last 15 years and with our in house developers we are most definitely at the forefront of the industry for Engine Tuning and ECU Remaps. Price $799. Availability: In Stock. Automatically searches for new versions when online. Jun 11, 2024 · A "tune-up" is a kind of preventative maintenance where basic parts are replaced and cleaned to keep the car running at peak performance. Apr 9, 2024 · Generally, speaking ECU remapping requires four distinctive stages: Stage 1: Tuning for stock hardware. Do not pass go, do not collect $200. With ECU tuning, however, you get to establish these parameters yourself. Posts related to specific vehicles, or any other general tuning info. The project is broken down into 3 sub-projects. The process of altering the ECU signal to inject more fuel into the cylinders is popular - especially as you are guaranteed more torque and power. Be smart and save yourself some money and even a traffic ticket by avoiding them. By doing so, you can easily increase your engine performance, throttle response, and even gas mileage. $ 699. What should I tell a customer looking to buy or install a DEF delete kit? Tampering with a DEF system is illegal in the U. Emissions Information: Please note that all Eurocharged Products are 100% emissions compliant. Short Description. Retains Factory Reliability. Here at Panache Auto Werke, we want to help you get the best possible performance from your car. Does anyone know what street legal options I have in retuning either the toyota 86 ECU or the nissan s15 ECU. +54 Courses. This can be done by a professional tuner or through plug-in devices. Under Body Neons. They clickbait this as tunes being banned in CA but in reality they aren’t. Mar 28, 2024 · Things to Consider Before ECU Tuning. Optimized for advanced ignition spark, air/fuel ratio, transmission and various other parameters for the ultimate power gains and improved mpg. The Carb version ONLY has Carb legal tunes. Enhanced Fuel Efficiency. RevZilla photo. 2000-2006 BMW Faulty Airbag Warning. I would suggest getting the Race version, purely in case you ever leave California Aug 20, 2021 · Basically, under the new rules, any vehicle with an ECU that's not approved by the California Air Resources Board (CARB) will fail the state's mandatory biennial Jul 19, 2021 · Here's a good reminder to anyone running a tuned car out in California: As of today, July 19, the state's notoriously strict smog testing will automatically fail any car when it detects THE COBB WAY. In theory, it’s your vehicle, so you can do whatever you want to it. Certain modifications are less obvious, like a window tint. Eurocharged does not manufacture or sell products or software that defeat any emissions system. It is important to understand the laws in your state before customizing your car. Jun 20, 2024 · Whether subtle or drastic, some vehicle modifications are illegal. They are: pass-through - J2534 compliant pass-through device and accompanying ecutools. BMW M240i Ecu Tune. Imagine your vehicle with better throttle response, more horsepower / torque, and reliable performance backed by the best Sep 3, 2023 · Modern car and van engines have an electronic management system that controls fuelling. Bro Trucks. on ECU Tuning and DEF Delete This Q&A sheet is intended to answer some of the more common questions equipment dealers have. Comprehensive online ecu remapping course & ecu programming for chip tuning enthusiasts and custom-made chip tuning file service for diesel, petrol and gearbox. The Hondata module has Race and Carb versions. Loud Exhaust. $ 399. Imagine your vehicle with better throttle response, more horsepower / torque, and reliable performance backed by the best calibrators / tuners in the industry! What is ECU Remapping? ECU remapping, also known as chip tuning, involves modifying the pre-set parameters in the ECU, effectively instructing your vehicle’s engine to function differently. For instance, you might see more horsepower after installing a new muffler. $ 899. Jun 3, 2023 · The days of buying a car, some commercially available software, changing a couple values and off to the drag strip on a Friday night may be behind us complet Availability: In Stock. The Torqit Power Module chip plugs directly into the common rail fuel pressure sensor. Yeah their take is extremely dumb. webui - Real-time web based user interface for administration, configuration, and Mar 13, 2007 · CROMEpro ($149) includes all of CROMEfree's features and tacks on advanced tools like datalogging, map tracing and user-definable auto adjustments. Manufacturing Year 2017-2022. Modern engines are managed by a complex network of interconnected components and sensors that manage everything from injector duration, injection timing, turbo boost, common rail pressure, ignition timing and the Jul 23, 2021 · Reasons Why ECU Tuning Is Not Illegal. Make Mercedes. 150. It allows to increase the car’s power, engine performance and has a positive effect on driving comfort. That's just the way it is. Rpm Motorsport is known for being one of the leading companies in High Performance Tuning and pioneers in replacing BMW / MINI ECUS. Mercedes E55 AMG ECU Tune. Posts: 2644. Manufacturing Year 2014 - 2019. Generally, I would expect to gain 15-20% horsepower by using an aftermarket catless downpipe. Sub-sections have isChild: true in their front matter. Aug 12, 2022 · Electronic Control Unit (ECU) remapping, also known as engine tuning or chip tuning, is the process of modifying the software in an ECU to optimize the performance of an engine. ECU tuning is legal. The right performance chip or engine control unit can change the software in your engine’s computer, giving you more horsepower or more efficiency. His project supports a bunch more ECUs and a bunch more features. 1. I have recently found out plug in and/or piggy back ECU's are illegal here in VIC due to EPA issues. Not very economy, but By editing this table you can modify or disable overrun fuel cut. Remote Tuning Cable. Make Land Rover. Manufacturing Year 2017-2020. New Edge OBD2 Performance Chip. STAGE. , but that’s not the only risk involved. Jul 13, 2021 · This is useful, for example, upon startup, your ECU will compare checksums with values stored and, if they are different, will not start the engine to prevent potential engine damage. Their methods have been proven with their Tuning Philosophy that’s been developed over three generations of family. Firstly, ensure its legality in your region, as it might violate emission regulations. any power gains from the chip are eliminated). No one can fine you if you ECU tune your car. Topics: 3063. Also I'd like recommendations on places in Melbourne to fit and tune them. This is just an estimate. Moreover, excessive tuning like removing the rev limiter and running rich might affect the longevity of the car’s There’s a carb version of the Flashpro but many of the tuning parameters are blocked. Catalytic converter removal can void the engine warranty if removed. Worldwide. Aug 10, 2021 · An ECU flash is undeniably more advanced and streamlined, and generally speaking it costs about $250 to $300 to have a shop perform a flash, which is actually cheaper than buying a Power Commander. Why Is the SID 212 ECU Unyielding? Security and Anti-Tamper Measures: Automakers, including Ford, have become increasingly concerned about the potential misuse of ECU tuning for illegal activities or to bypass emissions regulations. g. If your engine revving is deemed excessively loud and disruptive, it may be considered a disturbance to the peace. It is more justified in my opinion because the tuning companies are the ones profiting at the expense of the environment. As a result, many ECUs, including Short Description. Feb 3, 2022 · Tuning an ECU entails establishing the right parameters on the vehicle. Life Time Support. Tuners often work with accessports and will send you files to your computer that you upload using the accessport, e. Price $599. Other customizations, such as a loud exhaust system or custom lighting, are hard to miss and can be easily heard or seen on public roads. But in the aftermarket community, "tuning" is all about making adjustments to your engine via the engine control unit (ECU). By manipulating this ratio, you can optimize engine performance to achieve a ride that Aug 10, 2021 · But, are ECU tuners really illegal? The answer is that it depends on the regulations of the state in which you live. Imagine your vehicle with better throttle response, more horsepower / torque, and reliable performance backed by the best calibrators / tuners in the industry! Re: E36 325i M50 - 413 Ecu - Tuning. By modifying the ECU's software, it is possible to improve the engine's performance Or get a flasher that you can flash yourself with, like a cobb accessport. $ 1,499. The gain differs depending on engine size, turbo size and even intakes. Mercedes GLE350 ECU Tune. It’s important to check local laws and regulations before Aug 5, 2019 · Ecu Remapping, also known as chip tuning, chipping or ECU Tuning, is becoming an increasingly popular method of electronic engine tuning. Improved Throttle Response. bf tp er fq cz ua qc sa ji yn