Minimax algorithm in ai. Just change move = -1 to int move = -1.

Alpha-beta pruning is nothing but the pruning of useless branches in decision trees. It’s mostly used in two-player, turn-based games to calculate the best possible next move. Alpha-beta pruning is an optimization method to the minimax algorithm that allows us to disregard some branches in the search tree. For each move, it searches the state space of the game - all possible board states that can be reached after dropping the current and next tetromino. lesson Advanced Minimax. A major limitation of Minimax is that it is only used in two-player games Jul 24, 2020 · Part 1: Building the Tic-Tac-Toe Board. Here’s a bit more detail about Artificial Mar 31, 2017 · The general process of the Minimax algorithm is as follows: Step 1: First, generate the entire game tree starting with the current position of the game all the way upto the terminal states. It is widely used in two-player games where players alternate turns, such as tic-tac-toe, chess, backgammon, etc. Thanks for Reading. To generate the best move, use a minimax_root algorithm. Minimax (sometimes Minmax, MM or saddle point) is a decision rule used in artificial intelligence, decision theory, game theory, statistics, and philosophy for minimizing the possible loss for a worst case (maximum loss) scenario. quiz Minimax. We then examine progressive deepening, which ensures that some answer is always available. Part 2: AI Player with Minimax Algorithm. Games have been a fertile ground for inventing and testing artificial intelligence algorithms. Note: you can use a NegaMax algorithm, shorter than Minimax (but need to evaluate the position from the player's point of view, not white's point of view like in Minimax). This course is aimed at developers who would like to add artificial intelligence Jul 20, 2019 · This algorithm is useful in decision-making AI, which is used in popular game engines, like Stockfish for Chess. I have checked and checked for the things I might be doing wrong and also have debugged it. – Vor. Machine Learning: Artificial Intelligence Decision Making with Minimax. com/course/artificial-intelligence-minimax-algorithm/?refe Chess AI. AI for checkers using minimax algorithm. Zobrist Hashing is a hashing function that is widely used in 2 player board games. Gomoku is like tic-tac-toe except with larger game boards and the requirement of 5 of the same type of stone (a player's game piece) in a row to win. com/@varunainashots Artificial Intelligence (Complete Playlist):https://www. It provides optimal moves for the player, assuming that the opponent is also Feb 22, 2019 · The minimax algorithm is a way of finding an optimal move in a two player game. return color * the heuristic value of node. Solving Connect 4 can been seen as finding the best path in a decision tree where each node is a Position. Improve this answer. MiniMax Search Algorithm Solved Example | Min Max Search Artificial Intelligence by Mahesh HuddarThe following concepts are discussed:_____ Mar 6, 2017 · The minimax algorithm is one of the oldest artificial intelligence algorithms ever. I know how the Minimax Algorithm works but my code here doesn't work according to it. The MinMax algorithm. Both players FIGHT it, since the opponent player AI Game Playing – Minimax Algorithm The minimax search algorithm is a recursive algorithm commonly used in the context of two player deterministic strategy games, like chess, checkers, tic-tac-toe, etc. AI algorithms are the backbone of artificial intelligence, enabling machines to simulate human-like intelligence and perform complex tasks autonomously. This optimization technique aims to reduce the number of nodes evaluated by the minimax algorithm, making our AI smarter and faster in decision-making. See the pseudo-code, working, properties, and limitations of this recursive or backtracking algorithm with examples. Minimax is a recursive algorithm used to choose an optimal move for a player, assuming that the opponent is also playing optimally. 3) ai_template. May 30, 2020 · Full Course of Artificial Intelligence(AI) - https://youtube. Minimax Alpha-Beta. the number (b) of time’s function (M) is to be executed. An unbeatable AI Tic Tac Toe game in C++, implementing the Minimax algorithm, optimized with Alpha-Beta pruning, and visualized tree traversal for each move. This article will take a brief look at how a Oct 13, 2020 · Minimax algorithm is a recursive algorithm which is used in decision-making and game theory especially in AI game. Tic – tac – toe là sản phẩm Game làm bằng Unity kết hợp với xây dựng bot AI bằng thuật toán Minimax trên ngôn ngữ C#. This helps us evaluate the Aug 14, 2019 · The overall algorithm essentially consists of two separate steps. com/playlist?list=PLV8vIYTIdSnYsdt0Dh9KkD9WFEi7nVgbeIn this video you can learn about Minimax Al Aug 20, 2023 · Learn how the Min-Max algorithm is a decision-making algorithm used in game theory and AI to determine the optimal move for a player in a two-player game. project Build Your Own Connect Four AI. a chess AI searching a position to a depth of 8 doesn’t need to throw away all of that analysis and start . In one of our engaging AI/ML classes, our professor dived into the world of the minimax algorithm, illustrating its prowess with examples from chess and various games. As its name suggests, its goal is to minimize the maximum loss (reduce the worst-case scenario). It is a famous backtracking algorithm used in decision-making. b) Breadth-first search. Mar 23, 2020 · 1. There are lots of resources online that discuss minimax (mostly in the context of tic-tac-toe!) May 2, 2020 · But because aiPlayer’s turn resulted in those values, the algorithm returns an object containing the highest score (+10) and its index (4). One of the most famous algorithms is minimax. It was a bit harder. 🔥 Purdue Post Graduate Program In AI And Machine Learning: https://www. Happy Coding! Ezhill Ragesh Aug 10, 2021 · One of these algorithms is the Minimax algorithm, which is an algorithm that can be used to give a program some basic artificial intelligence and create an unbeatable game of tict-tac-toe. Nov 16, 2019 · Mini-max algorithm is a recursive or backtracking algorithm that is used in decision-making and game theory. Jun 4, 2020 · Space complexity amounts to "how much memory will I need to allocate for this algorithm". The name describes how one player tries to maximize their score while the other For a given unit of time, a minimax algorithm with alpha-beta pruning can go down twice as far as a minimax algorithm without this pruning technique. Created an AI to play Gomoku, otherwise known as Five in a Row. A game-playing AI agent is developed for a Competitive Sudoku game using minimax algorithm with alpha-beta pruning and iterative deepening. The name "minimax" comes from minimizing the loss involved when the opponent selects the strategy In this artificial intelligence course, we will implement the Minimax algorithm and its optimized version, the Alpha Beta pruning algorithm. L is a large number and MTP is the number of moves to reach the position. Learn More:CS50 AI edx course:https://courses. Min-Max algorithm is mostly used for game playing in AI. GitHub Gist: instantly share code, notes, and snippets. These kinds of games are called games of perfect information because it is possible to see all possible moves. Alpha-beta pruning is an optimization technique for the minimax algorithm. - nikhil-96/Competitive-Sudoku #Artificialintelligence #ersahilkagyanSubscribe the channel for more videos 👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇https://youtube. In the search tree for a two-player game, there are two kinds of nodes, nodes representing your moves and nodes representing Artificial Intelligence Questions & Answers – Alpha Beta Pruning. Chess, checkers, tic-tac-toe, go, and other two-player games are examples. 4) randy_ai. It is used to find the optimal move for a player, assuming that the opponent is also playing optimally. It is combined with Q-learning to refine the AI's decision-making process: Maximizing Player: The AI aims to maximize its evaluation score. SP. Jan 10, 2012 · The minimax algorithm is used to determine which moves a computer player makes in games like tic-tac-toe, checkers, othello, and chess. Transposition tables basically Jan 8, 2018 · มาสร้าง AI เล่นเกมโอเอ็กซ์ ด้วยอัลกอริทึม มินิแม็กซ์ (Minimax Algorithm) Jaruwat Fueangfu Follow The Minimax Algorithm. lesson Minimax. Giới thiệu sản phẩm. Minimizing Player: The opponent aims to minimize the AI's evaluation score. py --> this is where you will be putting all your code to make your AI. Depth 1 Depth 2 (Passive) Depth 3 Depth 4 (Easy) Depth 5 Depth 6 (Moderate) Depth 7 Depth 8 (Tougher) Apr 30, 2024 · In data science pruning is a much-used term which refers to post and pre-pruning in decision trees and random forest. We will apply the algorithm to the tic-tac-toe game, but in a generic way, so that it can be easily applied to other games. Consider a MIN node whose children are terminal nodes. At each node player has to choose one move leading to one of the possible next positions. Each move by one player in the game is called as Aug 24, 2023 · The Minimax algorithm is a relatively simple algorithm used for optimal decision-making in game theory and artificial intelligence. Time complexity amounts to "how long will it take to execute (in an abstract sense"). In the first step, the algorithm goes down the tree and assigns relevant ‘scores’ to each of the boards at each level. The Learn how to use mini-max algorithm for decision-making and game theory in AI. Before we dive in let's briefly recap the properties of a Chess game. It is further advanced using heuristics and Monte Carlo Tree Search algorithm. This Algorithm computes the minimax Zero-sum games are adversarial search which involves pure competition. Sản phẩm Game hoàn thiện với hình ảnh và animation rất chỉnh chu cũng như tính thông minh của Bot AI qua việc xây dựng Star 80. It does this by constructing a game tree where each node represents a particular state of the board. Jan 26, 2020 · Minimax is an artificial intelligence AI algorithm that allows us to find the best move for a player. Jun 24, 2024 · Artificial intelligence is a broad topic, and there are many algorithms involved in it. $ python pacman. Explore its concept, working, properties, applications, and variations. A simple Tic Tac Toe game built using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. The reason being is that it takes into account all the possible moves that players can take at any given time during the game. The rules of this game are very mysterious, but we know that each state involves Helen having a certain number of drachmas at each state. To create an AI player, we need to mimic how a human would think when playing a tic-tac-toe game. Again, since these algorithms heavily rely on being efficient, the vanilla algorithm's performance can be heavily improved by using alpha-beta pruning - we'll cover both in this article. Aug 15, 2023 · 1. In this course, you’ll learn how to create a game playing AI that can play Tic Tac Toe and Connect Four. Chess-AI-using-Minimax-Algorithm This is a Python program that plays chess using the Minimax algorithm with alpha-beta pruning. Minimax is an optimal strategy for deterministic two-player zero-sum games of perfect information. Jun 10, 2011 · 1. In this project the popular board game of Checkers has been designed and implemented by using the Pygame framework. Popular two-player computer or online games like Chess, Tic-Tac-Toe, Checkers, Go Using Minimax, implement an AI to play Tic-Tac-Toe optimally, optionally using Alpha-Beta pruning to make the AI run more efficiently. One player of the game try to maximize one single value, while other player tries to minimize it. Difficulty. 1. 3. But it seems, I am not able to find it. Part 3: Building the User Interface. checkers-minimax. Let's take a look at Tetris-AI has four packages: tetris contains structs and behaviour of the basic components of the tetris game - the board and tetromino. The AI uses the minimax algorithm to make optimal moves in a standard Tic-Tac-Toe game on a 3x3 grid. Minimax. The algorithm will be implemented in a generic way, so that it can be easily applied to A bit better algorithm for minmax is Alpha-Beta pruning that finish the search once he found his goal (β parameter): if node is a terminal node or depth = 0. Before we examine minimax, though, let's look at Feb 13, 2020 · AlphaBetaAgent: an adversarial search agent implementing minimax algorithm with alpha-beta pruning to more efficiently explore the minimax tree. 5. Alpha-beta pruning is an optimisation technique for At the heart of these AI milestones is a simple algorithm called Minimax that dates back to John von Neumann (1928), although Claude Shannon (1950) is often given credit for recognizing its applications to games like chess. Jul 18, 2017 · My initial approach was to implement a simple MiniMax algorithm, and then to add alpha-beta pruning. Instructor: Patrick H. It uses a simple zero sum rule to find which player will win from a curre Apr 7, 2022 · 🔥𝐄𝐝𝐮𝐫𝐞𝐤𝐚 𝐃𝐚𝐭𝐚 𝐒𝐜𝐢𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐬𝐭 𝐂𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐬𝐞 𝐌𝐚𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐦 Sep 16, 2020 · This is my submission for CS50 AI Project 0b: Tic Tac Toe. It is also a good example of AI which isn’t ML. Updated on Jun 3. To solve games using AI, we will introduce the concept of a game tree followed by minimax algorithm. " GitHub is where people build software. The different states of the game are represented by nodes in the game tree, very similar to the above planning problems. Then, the second step propagates back upward and chooses a move based on the highest scoring overall path. The minimax algorithm is very popular for teaching AI agents how to play turn-based strategy games. Hence, the value of the MAX node that is the MIN node’s parent can only be increased. See full list on freecodecamp. Specification: Complete the implementations of player, actions, result, winner, terminal, utility, and minimax. If MIN plays suboptimally, then the value of the node is greater than or equal to the value it would have if MIN played optimally. These algorithms utilize computational techniques to process data, extract meaningful insights, and make informed decisions. This is something we’ll improve in the following step. The Artifial Intelligence (AI) implemented in the opponent uses the classic Aug 7, 2019 · This article, however, will focus on one general decision-making strategy used by computers across a variety of strategic games, including chess, checkers, mancala, tic-tac-toe, you name it. The minimax algorithm is used to simulate potential future moves and evaluate the best possible move for the AI. com/playlist?list=PL Jan 16, 2023 · Previous posts on this topic : Minimax Algorithm in Game Theory, Evaluation Function in Game Theory, Tic-Tac-Toe AI – Finding optimal move, Alpha-Beta Pruning. org @Carsten not much familiar with using the debugger, but i tried adding debug code by using console. Mini-Max algorithm uses recursion to search through the game-tree. The Minimax algorithm is the most well-known strategy of play of two-player, zero-sum games. In these games, each player wants to make the best or most optimal move to maximize their chances of Nov 21, 2023 · In the future, I plan to enhance the efficiency of our Tic-Tac-Toe AI even further by implementing the Alpha-Beta Pruning algorithm. AI - Ch4 極大極小搜尋法與剪枝 Minimax Algorithm and Alpha-beta Pruning. Aug 10, 2020 · I have implemented Minimax Algorithm for Tic Tac Toe Game from GeeksForGeeks. The game follows the rules of International Draughts, which is played on a 10x10 checkerboard. youtube. Minimax is a strategy of always minimizing the maximum possible loss which can result from a choice that a player makes. This project allows players to enjoy the classic game in Player vs Player or Player vs AI mode. Dec 8, 2020 · The Minimax algorithm is a type of recursive, depth-first search algorithm you’ll find used in decision-making and game theory. Now that's an overkill AI! :) Probably a good place to start learning the algorithm, though, in retrospect. ai contains the artificial intelligence that plays tetris. Mar 30, 2017 · The effectiveness of the minimax algorithm is heavily based on the search depth we can achieve. Chess is a 2 player deterministic game of perfect information. 西元2000年，IBM 的深藍對世界西洋棋王 Kasparov 的一戰，電腦首度打敗 Dec 22, 2020 · The MinMax algorithm in AI, popularly known as the minimax, is a backtracking algorithm used in decision making, game theory and artificial intelligence (AI). This is where the minimax algorithm comes handy. It is the most common hashing function used in transposition table. A tree with branching factor b and depth d will have one node at its zeroith level, b nodes at its first level, b*b = b^2 nodes at its second level, b^2 * b = b^3 at its Nov 10, 2020 · complexity calculated is: O (bM) (3) The Equation 3 is improved alpha-beta algorithm time complexity is less time due to. Pruning literally means cutting away dead or overgrown branches or stems. Minimax Algorithm. AI is thinking Algorithm. org/courses/course-v1:HarvardX+CS50AI+1T2020/cou Mar 1, 2016 · AI features where you work: search, IDE, and chat. foreach child of node. Such as Chess, Checkers, tic-tac-toe, go, and various tow-players game. This argument can be extended by a simple induction all the way to GomokuAI. It evaluates possible future moves to ensure it chooses the best move based on the current game state. Strategies of Play. Feb 25, 2024 · Description. However this is my current code: public int miniMax(char[] node, int playerNum) { int victor = checkWin(node); // returns 0 if game is ongoing, 1 for p1, 2 for p2, 3 for tie. 2. Having defined the problem as a 2-player (we assume only 1 ghost), turn taking, zero-sum game with Introduction:The MiniMax algorithm is a fundamental concept for artificial intelligence and game theory, providing a strategic framework for decision-making in two-player, zero-sum games. value = -negamax( child, depth-1, -β, -α, -color ) Nov 21, 2023 · Getting Started. I'm teaching myself the minimax algorithm and I just had a few questions I was hoping someone could answer. In the above scenario, Minimax concludes that moving the X to the middle of the board results in the best outcome. py --> this is a premade AI that chooses its moves randomly. For losses and draws: search the whole game tree and give the position a score of 0+MTP for draws and L+MTP for losses. py --> this file plays two computers against each other without the gameboard and only shows the score and move positions. The Tic-Tac-Toe AI using Minimax Algorithm is a Python program where players compete against an AI opponent. py -p AlphaBetaAgent -l openClassic -a depth=2 1. This set of Artificial Intelligence Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Alpha Beta Pruning”. Games are well suited to this kind of research because of their clearly defined rules. In order to do this, the minimax algorithm requires a game to be fully observable, deterministic, and adversarial. To get a sense for how this works, consider the following: Helen and Stavros are playing a game. Step 4: Alpha-beta pruning. The minimax theorem was proven by John von Neumann in 1928. Minimax (full tree search) tic-tac-toe AI in C. Pull requests. This post will explore the MiniMax algorithm, understand its mechanics, and develop a practical example In AI, the Min-Max algorithm is mostly employed for game play. ai cpp tic-tac-toe minimax alpha-beta-pruning minimax-algorithm artificial-intelligence-algorithms minimax-alpha-beta-pruning Sản phẩm. The game mode must be equal to 0 or 1 and it's the color of the chosen pieces (zero for whites and one for blacks). This AI uses the Minimax algorithm with Alpha-Beta Pruning and an optimized method of searching in order to determine the Implementation of the Minimax algorithm in 30 lines of Python code. Haha, minimax for Tic Tac Toe. It works by seeking to maximize the score for the player, while at the same time, minimizing the score for the opponent. Given that we've built up an intuition for tree search algorithms let's switch our focus from simple games such as Tic-Tac-Toe to more complex games such as Chess. The search tree shows whether a player that can always win. Here are the few steps that the computer follows at each move: Aug 6, 2021 · In the beginning, call minimax with alpha = -infinity and beta = infinity. This Algorithm calculates the current state's minimax choice. If the first move is made by MIN, then MAX has a winning strategy: whatever MIN plays on the first round, MAX can choose to go to 4-2-1 configuration, then MIN has a forced move to 3-2-1-1 and MAX can finally win going to 2-2-1-1-1. The minimax algorithm is the algorithm around which this whole article revolves, so it is best if we take some time to really understand it. py file providing the game mode and the depth. A game like scrabble is not a game of perfect information because there's no way to predict your Jan 11, 2018 · To associate your repository with the minimax-algorithm topic, visit your repo's landing page and select "manage topics. Code. In a short, but unhelpful sentence, the minimax algorithm tries to maximise my score, while taking into account the fact that you will do your best to minimise my score. javascript css html tic-tac-toe tictactoe javascript-game minimax-algorithm tictactoe-game. Oct 31, 2019 · 1. Apr 19, 2015 · Work hard, play harder, love hardest. Udemy Course: https://www. informational Next Steps. JavaScript. The game is played by two players, one named MAX and the other named MIN, in this algorithm. Artificial Intelligence based on the Minimax- and α-β-Pruning principles. Guys keep this bug in mind and don't forget to initialize this before running. Nov 21, 2021 · The minimax algorithm. This is how the game tree looks like for the game tic-tac-toe. MiniMax determines optimal moves and outcomes, whether chess, tic-tac-toe, or other competitive games. – To associate your repository with the minimax-algorithm topic, visit your repo's landing page and select "manage topics. Conclusion Dec 10, 2017 · Together with these, we can build a competitive AI agent. Winston Apr 20, 2019 · 👉Subscribe to our new channel:https://www. 對於電腦下棋領域，Minimax 搜尋方式與 Alpha-beta pruning 的修剪策略組合，可以說是最有效的下棋算法。. Share. In the context of a project, following the UC Berkley pacman ai project (its second part), I want to implement the minimax algorithm, without alpha-beta pruning, for an adversarial agent in a layout small enough that recursion is not a problem. 268 AI Techniques For Solving Games Minimax The most used game tree search is the minimax algorithm. 2) othello_game. Bug in Line-43 Initialize move integer as "int move". We will apply the algorithm to the tic-tac-toe game, creating an artificial intelligence which cannot be beaten. Apr 30, 2024 · In data science pruning is a much-used term which refers to post and pre-pruning in decision trees and random forest. In game theory, minimax is a decision rule used to minimize the worst-case potential loss; in other words, a player considers all of the best opponent responses to his strategies, and selects the strategy such that the opponent's best strategy gives a payoff as large as possible. As a first step, we will start with the most basic algorithm to solve Connect 4. It was originally used in zero-sum games like chess but has been generalised to aid in decision making even when there is uncertainty. edx. This alpha-beta pruning algorithm was discovered independently by researchers in the 1900s. This a very basic chess game with an ai implementation using the minimax algorithm; built in python and pygame. In real life, a human would think of all the possible consequences for each move. :) The End! By now you should be able to understand the logic behind the Minimax algorithm. Minimax algorithm phases. Optimal: It is optimal if both players play optimally. Sep 16, 2017 · For winning positions: terminate the minimax when a win is found. Alpha-beta pruning is an optimisation technique for Jun 24, 2024 · The minimax algorithm is a fundamental concept in artificial intelligence used for decision-making in games and other scenarios. com/c/ErSahilkaGyanMy May 10, 2021 · To add some excitement, we’ll implement the minimax algorithm to turn the computer into a formidable opponent. In part 1 we created the game and laid the foundation: https://youtu. One such algorithm is the minimax algorithm. udemy. Just change move = -1 to int move = -1. In Zero-sum game each agent's gain or loss of utility is exactly balanced by the losses or gains of utility of another agent. Which search is equal to minimax search but eliminates the branches that can’t influence the final decision? a) Depth-first search. More than 100 million people use GitHub to discover, fork, and contribute to over 420 million projects. Topics ai cpp tic-tac-toe minimax alpha-beta-pruning minimax-algorithm artificial-intelligence-algorithms minimax-alpha-beta-pruning Apr 10, 2024 · AI Algorithms. Minimax is a recursive algorithm used in Artificial Intelligence and especially Game Theory field for finding the best-move of a player, in a n-player game (usually n = 2). com/pgp-ai-machine-learning-certification-training-course?utm_campaign=7A In this artificial intelligence course, we will implement the Minimax algorithm and its optimized version, the Alpha Beta pruning algorithm. Issues. Alpha-beta pruning is a way of finding the optimal minimax solution while avoiding searching subtrees of moves which won’t be selected. Let us understand the defined terminology in terms of the diagram above. The program uses the 'chess' module to represent the board and legal moves, and implements an evaluation function to assign a score to a given board position based on the number of pieces on each side. Aug 20, 2020 · The minimax algorithm takes advantage of the fact that chess is a zero-sum game. Feb 19, 2017 · Part 3 – MinMax algorithm. Alpha-beta pruning variables When using alpha-beta pruning in a minimax algorithm, it is needed to track the value of two different variables (alpha and beta) in order to decide when to prune a An unbeatable AI Tic Tac Toe game in C++, implementing the Minimax algorithm, optimized with Alpha-Beta pruning, and visualized tree traversal for each move. To begin the game, a player has to run the main. This general strategy is encased in a widely-used algorithm in gaming theory, called the Minimax Algorithm. The computer will challenge us with its Artificial Intelligence, and unfortunately, the tough part is that it will be unbeatable; which means either the computer will win or the game will be tied. We discuss the minimax algorithm, and how alpha-beta pruning improves its efficiency. Complete: Minimax is complete, as it definitely finds the solution (if existing) in the finite search tree. Time Complexity: The time complexity of the Minimax algorithm is O (bm), where b represents the game tree’s branching factor and m represents the maximum depth of the tree. Sep 15, 2020 · So, the minimax algorithm is a relatively easy algorithm that works well on simple games (low branching factor). writeline to check score values, which was too slow as its a recursive function, though from that, i did notice that mostly all the scores are -10, with very few zeros, and no 10s, also, do you know any good video tuts on debugging in VS, and unit testing? Nov 20, 2021 · Minimax is a simple yet powerful algorithm that seeks to aid decision-making in AI, game theory, and statistics. Get to Know the Minimax Algorithm. In the next couple of articles, I will show how to use this algorithm (along with Selenium WebDriver) to create an AI capable of playing the 2048 game live on our screens. simplilearn. be/BA4xs_oDS4ANow we create our first AI player, the "MiniMax bot". When dealing with gains, it is referred to as "maximin" – to maximize the minimum gain. When I was learning it, I did it with Othello (aka, "Reversi"). wd ak yh jo dr il ov mr jw we